Saturday, 6 May 2017

What I Have Learnt From My Research

The research process was very important within this unit as it helped me understand the importance of certain conventions within horror texts and trailers. This will aid me when making my own final products.

 I started my research analysing three existing horror magazines; this allowed me to gain an understanding of what typical conventions are used within real-life and professional magazines when portraying the horror genre. I decided to analyse one general film magazine with a horror cover and two magazines that were dedicated to the horror genre. This allowed me to see the differences between a mainstream magazine and a niche magazine. The horror magazines were more obviously promoting the genre with the use of black and red for the main colour scheme, they also used a scary image that would attract a particular audience. Whereas the mainstream magazine used a variety of colours and although the image was scary it was not so striking that it would put off customers not interested in the horror genre. The research into magazine covers also helped me with the composition of the magazine and the types of fonts they typically use. For my own magazine I can take inspiration for several magazine I have researched; for example, the close up image on the Empire magazine as it makes it feel like it is invading your personal space. Additionally the use of direct mode of address was used in all three magazines; this is something I will use when making my own magazine as I think it is an element that attracts the audience. 

 In addition to researching and analysing magazine covers, I also done the same for horror posters. This, again, allowed me to see the general conventions of a horror film poster. As I have not made a poster before, I had to pay particular attention to each detail, as to what would attract a particular audience. In all three posters I found that the colour scheme was very similar; using tones of grey, black and red to promote the film; this is something I think I will use in my own poster as they are typical colours associated with the genre. Additionally, all three gave a little hint of what the film could be about. There is also a billing block on all three; this is something I will also include on my own poster as it makes it look professional. 

I also analysed three horror films and trailers to learn the typical narrative structure of the horror genre. Theorist Tzventan Todorov, suggested that narratives follow a three part structure, beginning with equilibrium, then something disrupts this and then finally they reach a solution and equilibrium is restored. This was the case for some horror films, however not all as some were left open for a sequel. Trailers, however, do not typically follow this structure as they are supposed to encourage and persuade the audience to go and watch the full film and therefore they cannot show the solution of the problem, nor the final equilibrium. In addition to this, I learnt about Vladimir Propp's Character Theory. He suggested that every narrative has eight different character types: The villain, the dispatcher, the helper, the hero, the donor, the false hero, the Princess/prize and the Princess' father. These can be seen within some of the horror films and trailers to establish character types and so the audience can identify each of the main character's roles. I found that typically in horror trailers they use the most intense and interesting parts of the film, which would make the audience want to see the fill production. However, certain elements are left out, like particular jump scares and plot twists as they want the audience to see be excited and scared whilst watch thing full film. Additionally, I found that most horror trailers started with a little bit of equilibrium to set the scene, this was brightly coloured to connote 'happiness'; this quickly changed to a darker shot which was when the action started. The action scenes within the trailers were very fast paced, which is something that would make the audience on edge. Alongside this, the music seemed to become more intense and quicker; this reinforced the fast paced action; making it even more frightening for the audience. Additionally, stings were often used within both horror films and trailers to indicate the villain or the hero; this helps the audience follow the narrative of the film. I will use parts of these conventions within my own horror trailer to make it professional and easy to recognise that it is in fact a horror trailer. 

 As well as recent horror films, I done extensive research into the 'history of horror', with how it all started. This helped me see how the genre has progressed over hundreds of years from the early stages of classic literature. It was often thee case that horror movies would reflect what society was scared of at the time, for example, wolves became the classic villain during WW2 as a portrayal of Hitler. This could help me when making my own trailer, when I am thinking about the narrative, as I can try and incorporate anxieties of our society at this current time. In addition to this, there have been many developments on technology which has aided the genre to become what it is known as now. 


 The research of 'Representation of Women' allowed me to learn about the famous theory 'Male Gaze. Coined by feminist and film critic Laura Mulvey (1975), she explained how women are included into film as a visual pleasure for the male audience. In particular, the horror genre used and still uses this frequently as typically males are the primary audience. This is done by the use of camera angles, portraying the women as objects, by using long shots of the full body or shots of parts of the body, for example, just the legs. In addition to this, Jeremy Tunstall explained how women in the media are portrayed as one of four things: martial, sexual, domestic or consumer. This are often found within many horror films as society tends to believe this is how women should be. 
However, certain media is starting move away from this ideology into more present views of women. Another theorist, Carol Clover, suggested that in every horror film there is a 'Final Girl', she is the character that survives at the end of the narrative because she is smart, virginal, sensible and often brunette and masculine- either through the way she dresses or the name, for example 'Sidney' from Scream. Whereas, the girl that is killed first will be sexualised, and immoral (drinking, smoking, having sex), portrayed as stupid and typical blonde and pretty 'dumb blonde' ('Jules' from Cabin in the Woods). All these are often seen in many horror films and have become a typical convention of the genre. However, some horrors are now starting to challenge this and are becoming more progressive. The final girl theory is something I will probably incorporate into my own trailer, however I want to try and challenge the other theories. 


Finally, I done research into film marketing and distribution. For this, I looked at how the film 'The Woman in Black' was marketed and distributed. This was advertised extensively and because the main character played by Daniel Radcliffe (Harry Potter) is very popular amongst the younger generation it was very easy to do this. The marketing campaign was very successful and the film became one of the greatest horrors in Britain in over 20 years. I learnt that the marketing and distribution of a film is crucial to films success and therefore everything has to be planned carefully. For example, the release of the film poster, what magazine covers to feature on and when the trailer is release. Additionally, synergy between all products is important as it is more likely to persuade consumers to watch the full film; thus uniform marketing is very important. Each product need to entice the audience and keep them excited and entertained right up until the release of the film.

Sunday, 23 April 2017

Question 2: How effective is the combination of my main product and ancillary texts



 The Fantastic Beasts trailer reinforces what the the audience has already seen through the official posters and magazine covers. The trailer, of course, gives away more information about the film than the other promotion techniques, however the magazine and poster prepare the audience for the trailer as these are typically released beforehand. This then build suspense and excitement for the upcoming trailer; building more of an audience. By using similar text and colour on all the products creates synergy and tells the audience they are all promoting the same product.


 Similarly, my products all link and show they are promoting the same product. This has been achieved through uniform marketing by making sure certain elements are the same, for example, the text and the release date etc.
My products are supposed to attract a British audience as this is where it would be released; therefore I think the conventions I have included within my ancillary texts and my trailer would attract this demographic. I also think, the way all three products are connected would be something that would appeal to my audience. If this was for global release I would have had to make some chnages that would attract a wider audience; however I think the British audience would be enticed and excited by this uniformed marketing. I know this because of the way The Woman in Black was marketed, which was done in a similar way to my own; although it was a global film it was mainly aimed towards the British public.

Monday, 3 April 2017

Response to Audience Feedback

 We received some highly positive feedback from the audience after our first screening of the trailer. They (the audience) thought we had really effective range of shot types, in particular the underwater shots, which we wanted to stand out as an eye-catching and unusual factor of our trailer. Another aspect of the trailer which people enjoyed was the fast pace of the trailer. We are pleased with this feedback because we spent a lot of time ensuring we had a wide range of action shots to build up the pace of the trailer; so that when it came to editing we could use the action along with sound effects to build suspense and tension; therefore, we are glad this aspect has paid off. 
 As well as positive comments we also received very helpful constructive criticism. For example, it was suggested to us to try shorten the equilibrium section of the trailer; this was helpful to us because once we, analysed that section we realised that actually some of the shots could be shortened whilst still making sense and giving the effect- in terms of helping establishing the storyline- we wanted to achieve. Another comment made which was helpful to us was to add institutional data, such as titles and the date of release. Of course we realise that this is necessary to our trailer, we just haven't yet decided on the font and effects we wanted for these that would fit with the theme of our trailer- this is what we are going to focus on next as I think it will help to make our trailer complete. Another factor which will help us finalise the trailer is adding more sound effects; we feel that in order to add more powerful impact to our trailer we want to find strong, horror themed sound effects; for example a shocking and frightening sound for the jump scare.

Eighteen- Synopsis

Eighteen

   Since they were little, these four girls have always been friends; it's now years later and Harriett's eighteenth birthday is approaching. An evil strike that shook the entire community, these events can never be fully explained, this betrayal of friendship will forever echo throughout history. These horrific acts of torture and violence, shocked everyone involved, but why would such close friends suddenly turn on each other? Is this the combination of years of secrets and lies? Is there are hidden figure yet to be discovered who is behind this horrific torture?
 Based on the true events of the 1960 Kingshead case, Eighteen is full of twists and turns that will leave the audience in dismay, unanswered questions will drive the viewers insane, making this the most truly horrifying film of 2018. 

Location

 Birthday Scene Location (Sienna's House)

Bar Location
 (Kings Head)






































Main Location- Attic (Kings Head)

Magazine Sketch- Rough Design


Poster Sketch- Rough Design

Minor Agreements

Location Recces


Shot List

Storyboard

Media storyboard planning

Saturday, 21 January 2017

Marketing and Distribution

Film Distribution and Marketing

An audience is able to view a movie due to the process of film distribution. This makes it an extremely important task which has to be carefully executed; this means a professional film distributor will handle this. They will make the decisions about the marketing strategy, the media that the audience will be able to view the movie on and the release date of cinema screening and home viewing/DVD. Films can be shown to the public in various ways, most commonly films that are thought will be popular amongst the majority of the population will be shown in cinemas; whereas other films, possibly with lower budgets will go straight to DVD release. However, with new platforms like Netflix and Amazon many films are being released straight to these as ‘exclusives’ or are quickly released after cinema screenings have stopped showing them. For both streaming and cinema, film promotion is key to encouraging the audience to watch.
Historically, all blockbusters and popular films were only shown in cinemas. However, the growth in technology enabled television to show films to a larger audience. In 1971, U-Matic and cartrivision videocassettes were created, which allowed movies to become available to audiences in their own home.  Further development lead to streaming, which has enabled mass-audiences to watch films from all around the world, within their home or whilst on the go.
Mass-media productions are marketed to meet their estimated ‘reach’. This refers to the number of people that are exposed to the actual marketing. This can be achieved through many ways like, magazines, posters, interviews, billboards, social media and trailers/TV adverts. Reach is not the number of people who will actually consume the product but is the number of people who may see or watch the marketing.  Reach is sometimes generalised into specific groups, such as ‘female’, ‘children’, ‘those aged 18-25’; this can sometimes help estimate of how many people who may go watch or purchase the film. Reach is one of the most important statistics used in advertising.
To achieve efficient and effective marketing, companies use marketing plans in order to do this. A marketing plan outlines actions the company may take to advertise and market their product; this is usually planned around a specific time, for example over the course of a year. Within a marketing plan there will also be a description of the current marketing position, target market they wish to reach and what they will do in order to accomplish their marketing goals. Marketing plans need to start with consumer needs, through this they are able to create an effective advertising plan to meet the target audience whilst making sure the company ‘breaks even’ or makes profit. This means a marketing plan also needs to include; budgets, sales forecast and projected financial statements. It sometimes also includes the strengths and weaknesses of the company, its organisation and its products.  As a result of this, companies are able to overcome any weaknesses and are able to promote their product in a manner that will meet the target audience’s needs and also benefit the company. Alongside this, a distribution plan is also put into action to find out how and when a film should be released. This is aided by the target audiences’ needs and by looking at how other movies of the same genre have also been released. They also need to be careful with the decision about when they release the film to make sure it isn’t released the same time as their competition (other films in the same genre). When making a distribution plan, budget is also very important because the company will need to detailed plan of how they will cover the release of the film.
Additionally, advertising, promotion and publicity are very important factors to the marketing and distribution of a film. These all persuade the audience to go and watch the film and each play a different role. Advertising brings the audience’s attention to the film, through posters, magazines, billboards etc. Publicity is also important, although this is mostly out of the company’s control. The media is able to promote the film either through good or bad press, which again brings it to the audience’s attention and makes people talk out it via social media. Promotion is used alongside both advertising and publicity as it is supporting the product and trying to increase public awareness about the film.

One example of successful marketing and distribution is the action horror film World War Z. Directed by Marc Forster and written by Matthew Carnahan and Drew Goddard, the film tells the story of Gerry Lane, who is sent on a mission to investigate a disease that is turning humans into rampaging zombies that are destroying mankind. The film was released in 76 countries worldwide, starting with the first release date in the UK on July 2nd 2013 and ending in Venezuela on August 23rd 2013. In the US the film was released in 3,607 screens on the opening weekend (23rd June 2013), in which it made $66,411,834. The advertising for the film, for example the poster, doesn’t give too much away about the film but included the release date. In addition to this, it includes the Hollywood actor Brad Pitt’s name; this would also encourage a range of people to go see this film and would have been one of the reasons as to why the opening weekend was so successful.